Plug-In Transformers
Transformers are available in different sizes to accommodate the needs of a wide range of applications. They are a critical part of power transmission where they are used to step down voltage such that it can be used for residential devices and businesses. Small plug-in transformers perform the same function as large transformers in that they adjust voltage to match the needs of a computer or other electronic device.
Plug-in transformers vary in size and design, like the larger versions, to meet the requirements of different electronic devices. They are installed by plugging them into a wall socket and being connected to the device to which they are to supply proper voltage. Plug-in transformers create low direct current for use by household electronics.
Quick links to Plug-In Transformers Information
Although the function of plug-in transformers is to lower and limit the current flow to electronic devices, the essence of their function is to serve as a form of protection for low voltage devices that can be damaged by higher voltages. The main use of plug-in transformers is for delicate and sensitive audio equipment that can be severely damaged when exposed to inappropriate levels of voltage.
The National Electrical Code (NEC) was first published in 1897 with standards for the protection and safety of personnel, property, and electronic devices. The basic purpose of the NEC is for electrical safety and has been adopted as law in select jurisdictions. Compliance with NEC, or NFPA, 70, ensures that power installations are secure and without electrical hazards. The standards of the NEC are referred to as NFPA, 70, because NEC codes are part of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).
The NEC defines a plug-in transformer as a class 2 transformer with a maximum Volt-Ampere (VA) rating of 10 VA to 40 VA with 240 volts in the primary and less than 24 volts in the secondary. The required lower voltage makes plug-in transformers unable to start fires and enables them to protect against power spikes and surges. Plug-in transformers are produced with high impedance that enables them to provide protection for low energy electronics.
International Travel
A concern that has arisen in the modern era is the interchange between electronics of different nations. When electrical devices were first transported between countries, it was assumed that every country had the same system of electricity. Much to the dismay of international travelers to Europe and Asia, this was not the case. In each country, there were different plugs and voltages, making it impossible to use common electronics from another country.
Manufacturers of portable electronics produced a limited line of products for international use. As international travel became more widely available, the limited production of specialty products was not sufficient to meet the need. To fill the gap, plug-in transformers were developed that could adapt to any type of voltage and step it down to meet the requirements of modern electronics.
In the 21st century, laptop computers, iPads, and cell phones are considered to be common everyday electronics that are used by everyone. The sensitive nature of such electronics necessitates special care when they are being used internationally, which has led to the wide use of plug-in transformers that are available with most of the international plug designs.
Audio Equipment
Microphones, radios, AV equipment, CD players, amplifiers, mixers, headphones, and speakers are sensitive and delicate pieces of equipment that operate at different voltages than that which is commonly available. The sensitive aspect of common and professional electronics is in relation to their impedance, the opposition to alternating current (AC) that is presented by the effects of resistance and reactance in a circuit. It is measured in Ohms, which measures the resistance between two points in a conductor.
High impedance plug-in transformers have high Ohms, a factor that limits the amount of interference in a speaker or headset. Headsets that are used around the house have a low resistance while ones used for professional recordings have very high resistance such that sound is exceptionally clear.
Plug-in transformers are widely used in the recording industry in order to produce clear and crisp sounds with very little interference. Distortions and overloads are eliminated making the production of musical recordings rich and distinct. The ease of use of plug-in transformers makes them a vital part of sound production.
Sensitive Devices
Sound equipment, cellphones, computers, and other common electronic equipment have to be protected from high voltages that can damage them. While this is true for home electronics and sound studios, it is also true for more advanced electronics that are crucial to other aspects of society. Technical measuring equipment that monitors industrial operations has to be watched to ensure they receive the appropriate amount of voltage. Aside from the protection of personnel and the safety of the work environment, highly technical equipment has to be isolated from power surges and provided with an enhanced and ensured power supply.
The key to continuous use of highly technical devices is consistent smooth power, which ensures flawless and reliable operation. Plug-in transformers are used with medical equipment and monitors, large computer systems, and industrial operational equipment that control production. The use of plug-in transformers in the modern era is a necessity due to how much society relies on electricity to operate a wide range of devices and applications.
Choosing a plug-in transformer begins with an understanding of the limitations and requirements of an electrical device. The three important elements of electricity are volts, amps, and watts, each of which defines the requirements of a piece of equipment and are displayed on the label of a device with watts defining a device’s power requirements.
The rule of thumb for the purchase of a plug-in transformer is to leave a 20% buffer such that only 80% of a transformer’s capacity is being used. Following this rule makes it possible to keep power outputs manageable. In addition to the general rule, it is important to understand the type of power supply, which varies between countries. While the main power supply of the United States is 120 volts operating at 60 Hz, European countries operate at 230 volts and 50 Hz.
Using the 20% rule when selecting a plug-in transformer helps to prevent the transformer from overheating or damaging equipment. Understanding the rated load, measured by VA, or the total amount of power a transformer can deliver to a load, is an essential safety measure and ensures the proper performance of electrical components and devices.
In the modern era, the wise use of plug-in transformers ensures the long life of electronics and protects users against potential failures. Regardless of the small size and convenience of plug-in transformers, they are an essential necessity that ensures exceptional performance without any failures.